A Ruth–Aaron pair consists of two consecutive integers (e.g. 714 and 715) for which the sums of the distinct prime factors of each integer are equal. These types of pairs were named by Carl Pomerance, uga math professor, after a student noted that 714 and 715 had this characteristic. 714 was the number of career homeruns hit by the Yankee legend Babe Ruth, while 715 was the number of career homeruns hit by Brave legend Hank Aaron in 1974, thus surpassing Ruth's all time home run record which had stood for almost 40 years.

The topic of abundant and deficient numbers arises from number theory. There are three types of numbers this code will analyze:

• A number is deficient if the sum of its divisors is less than twice the number
• A number is abundant if the sum of its divisors is more than twice the number
• A number is perfect if the sum of its divisors are equal to twice the number